Scheme of the Nagoya Protocol

This is the scheme of the Nagoya protocol. As you can see, the genetic resources are usually plants, animals, insects or even microorganism. The Use of GR transferred from generation to generation as traditional knowledge in Indigenous and Local Communities (ILC). Another party is user like biotech company, food company or pharmaceutical company. They earn money from consumers by selling food, medicine, or cosmetics. After the Nagoya Protocol, the user must obtain Prior Informed Consent (PIC) and Mutually Agreed Terms (MAT) from providers. And most processes are negotiable and it means both party need negotiation skill and Basic knowledge about GR/TK.